By definition, statutes of limitations are specific landmark dates, or "deadlines", by which an act or legal action must
be initiated, or it will be forever barred at law. Other deadlines missed may merely impose fines or penalties for
lateness. Ominous though it may sound, such cutoffs, including response dates, are essential to an orderly business
society and economy, and necessary to provide finality and closure to certain events and claims. Such limitations must
not be confused with specific, mandatory filing deadlines for income tax returns, and auto and driver's license
renewals, each of which may carry only monetary penalties for lateness.
Statutes of limitations, like aircraft landings, are mandatory. Some of the most common limitations include:
| Notice of Construction Claim |
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Contract Terms |
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| Demand for Arbitration |
|
Contract Terms |
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| Construction Defects (After Damage Ensues) |
|
4 yrs |
|
| Construction Defects (After completion) - Claims Against Archts, Engrs., Contractors |
|
15 yrs |
|
| Notice of Furnishing, Miller Act Liens |
|
21 days |
|
| Mechanic's Liens, Ohio statutes |
|
75 days |
|
| Mechanic's Liens, Residential |
|
60 days |
|
| Answer Complaint: Federal Court |
|
20 days |
|
| Answer Complaint: State Court |
|
28 days |
|
| Appeal from Judgment or Order |
|
30 days |
|
| Zoning Board Appeals |
|
30 days |
|
| Complaint for Injunctive Relief |
|
7 days |
|
| Summary Judgment Motions |
|
30 days |
|
| Probate Claims Against Estate |
|
1 year |
|
| Malpractice/Professional Negligence |
|
1 year |
|
| Wrongful Death Claims |
|
1 year |
|
| Motions for Relief from Judgment |
|
1 year |
|
| Personal Injury, Property Damage |
|
2 yrs |
|
|
| Worker's Compensation Claims |
|
2 yrs |
|
| Occupational Disease Claims |
|
6 mos |
|
| Negligence |
|
4 yrs |
|
| Tort Claims |
|
4 yrs |
|
| Oral Contract Claims |
|
6 yrs |
|
| Written Contract Claims |
|
15 yrs |
Importantly, many limitations, stated in a number of days, include weekend days and holidays in such
calculations, necessitating early action or filing, to comply with certain deadlines imposed. This may be
significant, especially where the controlling date occurs on a holiday, when the Court or agency is closed and will not
receive, file, or consider such matters. In many other instances, the time limitations, not unlike a timer, begin to
run on the date a judgment or determination is made, filed, or published.
In some limited instances, there may be an express statutory savings clause, providing that where the filing deadline
occurs on a weekend or holiday, such filing will be permitted on the next regular business day.
There is insufficient space here to point out or explain important considerations, or even specific qualifications that
may apply to each deadline imposed by law. However, it is essential to obtain competent professional assistance, legal
counsel and advice, early, without delay, and to assert all claims timely or, in the significant words of
statutory construction : ".be forever barred."
Laws, like houses, lean on one another.
Edmund Burke (1729-97) Irish philosopher, statesman.
AUTHOR / EDITOR: J. NORMAN STARK is an Attorney-at-Law, a Registered Architect, (AIA, NCARB) Registered
Landscape Architect, Interior Designer, Planner and Senior Appraiser (ASA), admitted to practice law before the Bar of
Ohio, the US District Courts, Ohio and Illinois (Central Dist.), the US Court of Appeals, and the United States Supreme
Court. He is a Mediator, Arbitrator and Litigator with experience in Business, Construction, and Public Works, and with
additional experience in Real Estate, Construction-Legal Project and Crisis Management, and as an Expert Witness. His
office is in Cleveland, Ohio.
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